In what ways did World War II end the problems of World War I Essay

In the days prior to World War Two, the First World War was referred to as â€Å"the War to end all Wars†. (Devine, 14) Despite this name, only twenty-odd years had passed before the nations of the world once again engaged in armed conflict. The treaty of Versailles and the conditions in Europe precipitated a second large-scale conflict in Europe. (Devine, 16) The conclusion of WWII ended the problems that derived from WWI by ending the Fascist dictatorships of Europe, ending European and Asian imperialism, and shifting military power out of Europe. The Treaty of Versailles created tremendous pressure on Germany, Austria-Hungary, and other nations who bore the blame for the conflict. (Morgan, 18) The economic depression in these nations that resulted from their attempts to pay reparations led to a political climate ripe for the rise of Fascism. (Morgan, 27) The people of nations such as Italy, Germany and Spain were willing to embrace this hyper-nationalist form of government, giving up their freedoms in exchange for the promise of better economic conditions and a return of their respective nations to international prominence. Morgan, 30) The rise of hyper-nationalism in Fascist Germany and Italy was one of the precipitating causes of the Second World War in Europe. Hitler’s Germany began to militarize and â€Å"reclaim† areas of Europe that Hitler declared to be part of the rightful German empire. (Morgan, 108) These regions included all of Austria, and part of the nation of Czechoslovakia, referred to by Hitler a s the Sudetenland (southland). When Germany invaded Poland to return the land to Germany, France and Britain declared war. The results of WWII ended the reign of fascism in Europe. ( Morgan, 117) The personalities around whom the fascist governments were built, Hitler in Germany, and Mussolini in Italy, were killed in the war effort, and their philosophies discredited when the atrocities they committed became public knowledge. (Morgan, 197) Of the Fascists of Europe, only Francisco Franco of Spain, which had remained neutral in the war, survived. (Morgan, 201) After WWII, Germany was divided into a Soviet-controlled Eastern half, and a Republican western half. Nationalist efforts were turned to reunification, rather than conquest. (Morgan, 203) The destruction of the German War machine was absolute, eliminating them as a future threat to stability in Europe. (Morgan, 205) Italy and Japan were similarly disarmed at the conclusion of WWII, making future threats to world stability from these powers unlikely in the extreme. (Morgan, 206) The end of WWII also marked the end of the naked Imperialism that characterized all the major European nations since WWI. Betts, 113) Britain, France, Germany, Japan and other nations granted independence, or protectorate status to their imperial holdings, making self-sovereignty the â€Å"new† goal of international foreign policy. (Betts, 127) Japan was forced to give up the Pacific Islands they had occupied, and withdraw their invasion of China. (Betts, 128) Germany similarly ceded their occupied territories and permitted free choice for the subsequent governments. Betts, 133) One of the world powers that emerged from WWII, the United States, embraced self-determination as the ideal for nations of the world, and began to fight against efforts to engage in imperialist activities on the parts of other nations. (Betts, 144) The conclusion of WWII marked a shift in the dynamic of world conflict. (Levering, 18) During WWI and WWII, dominance on the seas determined a large part of military control. After WWII, nations who had access to weapons of mass destruction became the powers of the World. Levering, 22) For the first time in modern history, the central conflict of the world was not between Britain and Germany or France, but between the United States and the Soviet Union. European powers became pawns in a worldwide power struggle between opposing ideologies. (Levering, 27) The United States used war reconstruction money as a lure to the nations of Europe to shun Communism in favor of republican government. (Levering, 34) After WWII, armed conflict was limited to third-party wars w here one side or the other effectively acted as a proxy for one of the Superpowers. Levering, 46) This was managed to avoid direct conflict between the Superpowers, which could have led to destruction of the entire world through nuclear annihilation. (Levering, 55) As a result, dozens of minor conflicts and a handful of major wars were fought after WWII by indigenous people with military and economic support from the USSR and the United States. (Levering, 58) This scenario played out in countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Nicaragua, Cuba, Afghanistan, and many others. (Levering, 75) It is clear that the effects of WWII resolved many of the issues that resulted from WWI. WWII ended European Fascism, eliminated European and Asian imperialism, and permanently shifted the balance of World Power away from Europe. The Treaty of Versailles produced conditions in Europe that made Fascism an attractive and popular option, which played a great role in precipitating WWII. As a result of the unresolved issues of WWI, WWII became the latest â€Å"war to end all wars†. It is hoped by the nations of the world that conflict on the scale of WWII never be repeated in the history of mankind.

Art Sarcophagus

Art is a symbol for ancient history, religion and people. The only thing that we have from our past ancestors is their art that they left behind. For example the Triumph of Dionysos and the Seasons Sarcophagus is a type of art the ancient Rome left for us by like around the 260 – 270 a. d. which was made by an anonymous roman artist that made it of marble. The Sarcophagus is a very well preserve piece of funerary art that is being preserve at the moment in the Metropolitan Museum for public display. Every detail about this art including the people and the animals are part of their life that they are used to draw then and for then that was a very big deal. The Season Sarcophagus is a well representation of the Roman funeral art. The marble that is was made off it is said that it comes from the eastern Mediterranean and then it was send to Rome where it was used to create the Triumph of Dionysos and the Seasons Sarcophagus. There were only a handful of people that were able to purchase this sarcophagus, which it was most likely for for someone with social standards maybe like one of the member of the aristocratic families that were very important on Rome. Also there maybe another sarcophagus that is very similar or almost same in the Hessisches Landesmuseum in Kassel, Germany that has almost the same structure or composition of the Dionysos in the sarcophagus but also the treatment and the way it was cut the figure is very different. There are not a lot of sarcophagus left from the ancient Rome have survive this those qualities, which is the reason why it is so valuable and interesting.

Basketball Essay Research Paper BasketballBasketball is a

Basketball Essay, Research Paper Basketball Basketball is a great game that is one of the most popular in America. In this athletics you have to hold good purpose to hit, good jumping accomplishments to bounce, you have to be speedy, and besides have good ball managing accomplishments. In a existent game there are merely five participants on the tribunal, referees, foul outs, and regulations like no running with the ball, no fouling, out of bounds and no running over the other squads participants on discourtesy. I truly bask playing this game and I pattern a batch outside on my tribunal and drama for P.A.L in the winter. I think I am a pretty good participant and dream of playing for the NBA one twenty-four hours. Following twelvemonth I # 8217 ; m traveling to drama varsity for our school alternatively of wrestle and seek my best to assist the squad win. If I try truly difficult and pattern everyday I could be an highly good participant. I normally play with my friends after school for merriment or merely to drama about and hold a good clip, pattern on my ain to pattern things I need work on, or pattern with my pa and allow him give me some arrows. I love watching hoops games on Television and normally watch the Knicks drama. Out of all of the 28 squads in the NBA my favourite squads from best to least favourites are the New York Knicks with Patrick Ewing, Larry Johnson, John Starks, Charlie Ward, Chris Childs, Charles Oakly, and Allen Houston. Then I like the Charlotte Hornets with Anthony Mason, Tyrone Bouges, Glenn Rice, Gladie Divac, and Curry. My 3rd favourite squad is the Seattle Super Sonics with Shawn Kemp, Gary Payton, Schremph, and Perdue. My 4th and concluding favourite squad is the Orlando Magic with my favourite participant Anfernee Hardaway, Horris Grant, and Nick Anderson. My three favourite participants in the NBA are: 1 ) Anfernee Hardaway/ moniker: # 8220 ; Penny # 8221 ; 2 ) Larry Johnson/nickname: # 8220 ; Grandma # 8221 ; 3 ) Shawn Kemp/nickname: # 8220 ; Rainman # 8221 ; These participants have a batch of endowment and I enjoy watching them drama. For case Anfernee is a leader for the squad and has good base on ballss, good dribble, and good shot accomplishments. While Larry Johnson has good rebounding, reasonably good shot, and good dunking accomplishments. Last but non least Shawn Kemp who has great rebounding and dramatic dunking accomplishments including fancy stuff shots and great allyoops. I think hoops is a great athletics and that it will go on to be popular athletics for a really really long clip and that many states will play. As long as you try and pattern you can be a great participant and rule the tribunal. It besides helps if you # 8217 ; re large so you can acquire recoils and stuff shot but if you are smaller you can still be an first-class dribbler and shot and be a guard alternatively of the large centre in the center. To sum it all up hoops is a great athletics that uses a batch of different accomplishments so that everyone can seek to play.

Social Aspect of Music in Ottoman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Aspect of Music in Ottoman Empire - Essay Example Over the recent times, the Empire has been using other instruments like kemence bowed fiddle, kanun plucked zither, ney end-blown flute, violin, kadum drum among others. The main types of music genres found in Ottoman Empire include spiritual songs, fasil music and other improvised genres like gazel, kaside, durak among others. Fasil music was more secular than the others (Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Turkey, 2002). One of the interesting parts of the music found in Ottoman Empire is its social aspect. Like in many other ancient Empires, music in Ottoman Empire was an important part of social life. According to Bartok and Suchoff (1976), the Ottoman artistic music addressed many themes like love, military, religion and war. Ottoman teaching has an extensive and varied system of scales or modes called makams. In sufi teaching, every makam represents and conveys a specific psychological state. This means that the Ottomans use instruments and pieces of vocal music pieces to cure some medical and psychological conditions. Metin (1998) states that in the Ottoman Empire, music was used for the treatment of mental illness. In this way, it was used to restore sanity and hence maintain healthy socialisations in the Empire. Like most of the fine arts, the Ottoman music was oriented towards entertainment. ... An example of this was seen in the sultan’s processions, for example the Sultan Murad III procesion. This procession comprised of Sultan Murad III on horseback followed by two dancers and a jester who was normally accompanied by a stringed instrument. At the back, there was a mounted mehter band. Music and dance was also used to enhance the prominence of the upper class and high-ranking people in the Ottoman society. Metin (1998), states that apart from royal processions, music and dance prominently figured in the processions of Ottoman’s tradesmen and this could last for hours. Such musical processions were also used to welcome back Ottoman ambassadors who had been serving in some countries like Paris or Vienna. These ambassadors would enter the city with a huge procession which included a sizeable mehter band riding on horses. These scenes were so magnificent that that the courtiers and the public watching would be deeply stirred. In the Ottoman Empire, music accompan iments were very important for art dances performed by women as well as men dressed in women attire. In these performances, dance and dance were greatly intertwined and could described as visual concerts. Murray and Will (1997) explain that in some types of Ottoman music, young male dancers normally cross-dressed attire meant for women. These type of dancers were called kocek. This type of music was used to express some types of relationships like pederasty. Pederasty is a type of relationship between a man and a young boy outside his intermediate family. The boy was normally an adolescent boy and relating with younger boys was not allowed. Between the 17th century and 19th

Critically examine the role of international credit in contemporary Essay - 2

Critically examine the role of international credit in contemporary economies - Essay Example One of the major developments after the Second World War period was the internationalization or liberalization of the financial markets with United States of America on the front. The multinational corporations of USA spread their financial dealings and operation to different bases across nations. Simultaneously a large amount of funds were allocated for purchase of treasury bills of USA. The banks of USA have also spread their operations worldwide during the seventies. International operations contributed to around 20 percent of the total income of the American banks. International credit provides certain distinct benefits to the people of the borrowing nation. These funds obtained through international credit help in financing the projects of local firms and the government. International financial system offers different opportunities of diversification to an investor, which might not be locally available. However, when an economy joins the global financial markets, certain economi c variables may be restricted as well as the effectiveness of certain basic economic and national policies. For instance the capital mobility across the world has automatically restricted the movements of domestic interest rates and also the control of money supply becomes so difficult under fixed exchange rates. Before economic transactions occur between the residents of different nations, certain arrangements are require making payments effective as well as bringing about the exchange or transaction successfully. The arrangements required need to address the political regimes, legal systems and the customary process of doing business in various countries. The basic of the international monetary system centers on the barter system prevalent in history. To make the exchange procedures convenient and easy to handle, a rage of monetary arrangements came into operation.

Critical Thinking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Thinking - Assignment Example There are also some disadvantages to relying solely on this method for research. Certain databases specialize in only certain disciplines. ERIC, for example, might not have some relevant research articles about a given topic in one area that another database might have. As a consequence, the researcher will need to locate several different databases in an effort to ensure they are getting the most quality and accurate research available (Ashford University Library, 2013). In addition, relying solely on computer databases negates being able to find some sources that might not be digitized yet. There is still value in printed work, so rely exclusively on the computer might be counterproductive in some cases. When locating sources, it is often important to not rely solely on information contained in the abstracts. In such cases, it is wise to go back to the original source as referenced in the article. This is due largely to the idea that abstracts often contain the author’s poin t of view, or opinion, about what they have researched. This is great, as that the basis behind primary and peer-reviewed sources, yet they may not be interpreting the original source the same way another person would. ... Some examples of secondary sources include diaries, interview, pamphlets, and personal narratives. While these are not necessarily considered scholarly sources, they do give the researcher a deeper and more informed perspective of the topic being studied. In addition, such secondary sources can lead to a primary source. In essence, secondary sources can be seen as a springboard to the project. They guide the researcher and can se him or her on the correct path in terms of looking for reliable information that can greatly assist in the note-taking process. A major limitation of secondary sources is that they can be full of bias. It is often to discern fact from opinion when examining such sources, as the author does not always support the findings contained in the report. In addition, some secondary sources are merely one person’s account of certain events, and they might not take into consideration an opposing viewpoint (Mertler and Charles, 2011). The majority of research inf ormation will likely come from a primary source. Such references are studies or works that were actually completed during the time period under study. These can include replicated research projects, or entirely new studies, designed to expound on earlier research. The key component to a primary source is that that writing contained in the material is new information and draws conclusion not previously published. These can include diaries that are first-hand eyewitness accounts of certain events, historical documents, and journal articles that point out new research or findings (Salilnas, Bellows, and Liaw, 2011, p. 185). Technology has certainly made our lives easier in many respects, and this includes the research process. It

A Case study report on Welcome Break Group Ltd Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A report on Welcome Break Group Ltd - Case Study Example The company is looking out to implement strategic initiatives that will boost the company and bring out the internal talents (Peene, 2013). This will be effective through training employees so that they can be in a position to handle all its business units. This will make their operations effective since customers will enjoy services provided to them by experienced individuals. The HR department is very important to the growth of the company (Nichols, 2013). In the case study, it is evident that this department is on the move to automate its services. This is good to both the company and employees. Since none of the employees is losing out their job positions, it good to use the SuccessFactor system. I have learnt that a company has to start small before it can realize its full potential. While we see Welcome Break as a huge company in the motorway industry, it has a very humble background. Efforts, determination, strong leadership and a good working environment are essential to growth. David Willock gives a great conceptualization of ideas behind the company’s prosperity. Through it, we are in a position to identify the successes and future strategies that are good for company growth. Nichols Will, 2013. Green Energy Company and Nissan have now fitted 16 fast-charging units at Welcome Break motorway service stations across the UK. [Online]. 5 August. Retrieved from: http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2286661/more-rapid-chargers-speed-up- ecotricitys-electric-highway. [Accessed on 17 March, 2014] Saran Cliff, 2012, Case Study: Welcome Break Group Revamps HR with SuccessFactors. [Online]. 10 August. Retrieved from: http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240161289/Case-Study-Welcome-Break- Group-revamps-HR-with-SuccessFactors. [Accessed on 17 March,

Guadalcanal Battle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Guadalcanal Battle - Essay Example After the victory at ‘Battle of Midway’ American forces started planning for recapturing of Pacific Islands from Japanese. The first event in this direction was the Guadalcanal battle. The use of islands, like Guadalcanal, Tulagi and Florida in Southern Solomon by Japanese forces was proving a major threat to supply routes between USA, Australia and New Zealand. The battle began for the sole purpose of ensuring safety for these routes.There was difference of opinion in Japan over the importance of this island. While many army officers thought it better to manage the existing and over-stretched empire, the other faction wanted further territorial expansion. This could be a reason for the Japanese lacking the will to counter allied attacks at Guadalcanal. Leading the attack on August 07, 1942, allied forces expected stiff resistance from Japanese army, but the tactical combined approach by allied forces took the other side by complete surprise and they did not find any res istance from Japanese. This boosted the will of allied forces to head for all-out victory. Although the rough climate and weather caused communication and operational problems for Americans, there was no fighting on the island for almost 24 hours, after the attack. However, the following days   witnessed severe fighting as Japanese cruiser force attack eventually threw the Allied forces out of the reach of the crucial Guadalcanal airfield.Such disarray within Japanese forces was the major element for American victory.... The rough terrain faced by Japanese was another factor for the American victory, as Japanese forces were down with fatigue and could not prove their mettle in counter-offensive attacks. Such disarray within Japanese forces was the major element for American victory. (The Battle of Guadalcanal) Lessons learnt The lessons from this battle have relevance to current defense preparations by the US. Various defense studies have reinforced the fact that America cannot afford to neglect events in the Pacific region, if the country has to safeguard its economic and security interests. With China increasing its military might and economic hold on world trade, the importance of Pacific region is still high on the American defense agenda. The challenges posed by many nations towards ‘anti-access’ or ‘area –denial’ strategies for Americans still pose threats to the country’s security. These causes lead to the battle of Guadalcanal, forcing Americans to reca pture strategic Pacific islands from Japan, during world war. They are important even today. (Holzer) Logistics of the area remains a challenge, irrespective of the development of modern weaponry with latest technology. Supply routes are vulnerable even today. The time and distance involved with any military operations in the area has relevance even today, as the forces need to access the rough vast terrain of the region. The lessons learnt by marines and sailors during Guadalcanal battle have been relevant for all the following campaigns in Pacific region. The policy changes for Asia-pacific, including military strategies have been influenced by such lessons, being relevant for Marine and Naval Corps in 2012, as well. (Holzer) Examples of intelligence failures Command and control

IMF Policy and Its Effects Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IMF Policy and Its Effects - Assignment Example In his essay â€Å"What I Learned at the  World Economic Crisis†, he described very thoroughly the problems of such countries and the role of international monetary fund IMF in creating and multiplying the downfall of a running economy. Stiglitz said that during his appointment as chief economist, he saw many economic crises in most parts of the world, which then took the form of a global crisis. He said that the IMF in not very serious on the issue of solving the problems of countries. Because it suggested wrong policies, many developing countries which were initially in a very good state, adapted those policies & in the end, declined off smoothly. Actually, IMF tries to implement the same tactics on each country without properly analyzing the background and ground facts. During the crises of Latin America in 1980s, IMF imposed controlled budget technique and tight policies if the countries agreed to provide them with an aid. This really proved to be good for them as they w ere not already involved with budget surpluses techniques so they survived from the crisis in a much better way. But the big issue is that IMF imposed all such techniques to those countries too like Thailand and Indonesia, who have a total different reality than US. This was a big mistake, not only from the IMF side but from the governments too, as they did not consider the fact that IMF was not fully aware of their economical status. They were already giving huge surpluses while avoiding the severe conditions of illiteracy and other factors that contributed a lot in economical development of a country. By implementing IMF policies, they nearly starved to death. The inflation rates and unemployment soared and people came upon the streets against their governments. Another major reason of this setback was that some Asian countries started liberalizing their capital markets, due to which they needed more revenue to compensate. So they implemented some short term financial programs whi ch caused huge real estate disasters. In late 1990s, Thailand and Indonesia suffered major economic crises due to bad policies of IMF. Stiglitz suggested that the tight austerity measures, high interest rates and reductions in government’s expenditure cannot solve the problem of such countries; rather it would propel them more towards depression and result in more bankruptcies. If there would be internal policies of the country according to its own ground facts, then they would be more helpful. Privatization is not the solution; instead there must be market competition so that the best would tackle the system. There should be an institutional infrastructure from top to bottom, which would definitely be helpful in boosting the economy. If every country suffering from recession adapts these measures, it will definitely get out of it without much damage to the economy (Stiglitz. What I Learned at the World Economic Crisis. 2000). In the reply to all of above mentioned accusation s made on IMF, Kenneth Rogoff, the Economic Counsellor and Director of the Research Department at IMF, came up with a comprehensive set of answers in his article â€Å"The IMF strikes back†. He said that there has been a debate on the competency of IMF staff that they are incapable and 3rd class students at their times, and also that IMF staff is careless and irresponsible that they don’

The Desert Rat-Kangaroo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 179

The Desert Rat-Kangaroo - Essay Example Although the desert environment is harsh, the desert rat kangaroo had adapted to the conditions and survived in the ecosystem until interference in its natural habitat contributed majorly to its extinction. Humans were both directly and indirectly involved in the alteration of the mammal’s natural habitat by introducing herbivores such as rabbits and cattle, setting off an imbalance in the ecosystem. Fire regimes also played a key role in the destruction of the habitat (Fisher & Blomberg, 2010). Although the rat kangaroo was largely independent of water, there was increased competition for green plant with beetles. Other factors for its extinction include predation by foxes and cats. Since they were relatively small and hence vulnerable to predators, much of their self defense was in the ability to make high and quick leaps. The extinction of the desert rat kangaroo did not impact on the desert food chain significantly mainly because it was a replaceable species. More importan tly, they were not direct competitors of surface water with any other species because all their water requirements were met by the water contained in the green plants in their diet. Being herbivorous animals, their role in the ecosystem was gradually assumed by cattle as the rat kangaroo’s population diminished. However, the population of beetles, weevils and other small insects of which the rat kangaroo was a key consumer increased. The most notable difference was a decline in the number of desert fox (Fisher & Blomberg, 2010). The orangutan is a primate that depends entirely on forests for survival. Unfortunately, high illegal and legal logging and deforestation rates are contributing to its increasingly endangered status.

Product Innovation Essay Example for Free

Product Innovation Essay Holography breaks through the density limits of conventional storage by going beyond recording only on the surface, to recording through the full depth of the medium. Unlike other technologies that record one data bit at a time, holography allows a million bits of data to be written and read in parallel with a single flash of light. This enables transfer rates significantly higher than current optical storage devices. Combining high storage densities, fast transfer rates, with durable, reliable, low cost media, make holography poised to become a compelling choice for next-generation storage and content distribution needs. In addition, the flexibility of the technology allows for the development of a wide variety of holographic storage products that range from handheld devices for consumers to storage products for the enterprise. Imagine 2GB of data on a postage stamp, 20 GB oncredit card, or 200 GB on a disk. How is data recorded? Light from a single laser beam is split into two beams, the signal beam (which carries the data) and the reference beam. The hologram is formed where these two beams intersect in the recording medium. The process for encoding data onto the signal beam is accomplished by a device called a spatial light modulator (SLM). The SLM translates the electronic data of 0s and 1s into an optical checkerboard pattern of light and dark pixels. The data is arranged in an array or page of around a million bits. The exact number of bits is determined by the pixel count of the SLM. At the point of intersection of the reference beam and the data carrying signal beam, the hologram is recorded in the light sensitive storage medium. A chemical reaction occurs in the medium when the bright elements of the signal beam intersect the reference beam, causing the hologram stored. By varying the reference beam angle, wavelength, or media position many different holograms can be recorded in the same volume of material. How is data read? In order to read the data, the reference beam deflects off the hologram thus reconstructing the stored information. This hologram is then projected onto a detector that reads the data in parallel. This parallel read out of data provides holography with its fast transfer rates. It examines the possibility of manufacturing the end product in the predetermined quantity with desired quality and the sale of the same results into adequate return to payback the investment made within a reasonable period of time over the project life with the help of facilities installed and resources employed Why would you even want a 1 TB CD? In five years, demand for such a product will exist with the addition of wireless streaming from the device. For example, users could scroll through 200 movies along with 10,000 photos and 50,000 songs on the CD. As for the feasibility of such a device, 1TB CD is possible within five years. 1. 8-inch drive capacities should reach 500GB in that time, which would enable to create a 1TB CD with a two-platter drive, like it does now by combining two 30GB platters to produce a 60GB CD. The gigabit-ethernet unit has two drive bays, each approved to accept a SATA hard drive up to 750GB, for a total of 1. 5TB. The company is still evaluating the feasibility of using two 1TB drives in the chassisfor a total of 2TBinstead. We have planned to simulate the Fast Ignition with self consistent fields in full parameters. Our final goal is 500 x 20 x 20 microns up to 100 times critical density plasma and our target is, of course, a 1 TB CD. Traditional PIC code requires an unrealistic huge number of particles to simulate such parameters and it is impossible to run the PIC code even on such massive parallel computer. Treating only super hot electrons as particles and other background electrons as a fluid is one method to solve this problem. As super hot currents are in the order of 100-1000 MA, return current electrons are too warm and the cold return current should not be treated as same temperature as background electrons. Thus we should employ two temperature electron fluids for return current and background. This hybrid approach, however, has uncertainty about a return current temperature and densities of both fluids. To avoid these difficulties, and to reduce the number of particles and computations, we have done one dimensional feasibility study for the PIC code with the collective particles and found that the 1TB CD worked well but it is still in the R D stage.

Computer Dynamics Network Proposal

Computer Dynamics Network Proposal Computer Dynamics is a company with 300 computers in three adjacent five-story building with 100 computers in each building. The LANs are similar in each building with a data center is located in one building on the second floor. There are no other office locations. The current system is poorly designed and must be completely replaced. Develop a logical design for this enterprise campus that considers the seven network architecture components. The first thing that I would do is conduct a site survey of the companys existing network and obtain any documentation   such as site names, locations contacts, cabling layout, server room location, and operational hours. I then would run a network analysis of the entire network to check the efficiency of the current system. Faults that are defined during the test then I would addressed them prior to the new system install. The assumptions that I have made are that each building will have twenty computers per floor and the main building will also include the data center on the second floor. I would then meet with Computer Dynamics Company to identify the requirements of what they expect for a network. Topics to address would be the type of applications that are being used and any future application requirements that they may expect, goals of the company, and if any limitations or constraints they may have. Gathering the preliminary information from the customer I could then start the design process. The proposal to Computer Dynamics Company would be based off the seven network architecture components.   Each building LAN would be designed using a physical star topology that would connect the twenty computers on each floor with shielded twisted pair cable to a twenty four port 10 gigabyte switch. I would also propose a wireless network for each building along with a wired network. The wireless network would involve replacing the existing access points with 802.11ac access points three per building. The placement of the new access points on different channels would be placed on floors one, three and five of each building. The twenty four port ten gigabyte switches installed on each floor of the three buildings would be connected to a main switch located on the main floor of each building. They in turn are connected to a router placed in each building on the first floor. The connections between the five switches to the router in each building would use multi-mode fiber optic cabling as well as the connections from building to building. The designated main building will contain the data center on the second floor which contains the servers for the company. This data center would also contain the e-commerce edge enabling potential customers along with their existing customers to the view the company website. Each of the buildings LANs would connect to the data center through a switch with a fiber uplink port. The main building networks along with the other two buildings would be terminated via the other end of the fiber cable into ports on the main building data switch. Any connectivity to the outside via internet service would be connected through a gateway router that is connected directly into the main data switch. The need for a 10/100/1000 service needs to be provided by the companies ISP. Using this design would enable all 300 computer to have internet access and the ability to connect to any company server located at any of the other buildings. The last part of my proposal would be to test the new/upgrade system to ensure it meets Computer Dynamics requirements. I then would propose Computer Dynamics company use the network for an established period of time so they can monitor, verify, and make recommendations as needed. Once they are satisfied with the operation of the new network system, I would provide them with documentation of the site names, locations contacts, cabling layout, server room location, and equipment upgrades or changes of locations. Works Cited FitzGerald, Jerry, Alan Dennis, and Jerry FitzGerald. Business Data Communications and Networking. New York: Wiley, 1996. Print. How to design network | Eight step design methodology. Networking Virtualization. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2017.

Aldous Huxleys Brave New World

Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Brave new world is a science fiction book written in 1931by Aldous Huxley and deals with the way things might turn out to be in the future. The book is set in London of AD 2540 and the book anticipates the changes in the society from the development of both reproductive technologies as well as sleep-learning. In this book Huxley describes the future to be embodied with ideals that are very organized such that one loses one sense of self. Exile in Brave New World In the Brave new world the exile experience is common and several characters experience some form and shape of it during the novel. Such form of exile is evident in form of alienation and otherness or the fact of being different from the rest of the group. In his book Aldous use the theme of exile as a way of expressing his ideas and fantasies about the life in the brave new world. The theme of exile has been experienced by various characters in the book either directly as for Helmholtz, Bernard and Linda or indirectly as for John and Mustapha Mond (Postman, 1985). To begin with Johns experiences a lot of alienation or exile kind of treatment in the book brave new world and this is evident from the first instance where we find him to be cursed to a life of isolation or exiled from the rest of the society of the savages simply because of his appearance, the values he holds and is outrageous thoughts. Such character of being the other exiled him mentally, physically as well as emotionally both in the savage culture and the world state culture because he finds himself torn between conforming to the society and at same time keeping true to his virtues. Therefore, being different exiles John to a world of alienation and despite wanting to fit into the society of the savages his different looks from those of the rest of the Indians on the reservation hampers his ability to fit in the savage society and this is evident when he is denied the rites of passage or the rituals where he could give his life to the society. John explains that he could have gone round ten times, twelve and even fifteen but they couldnt allow him because of his complexion and that has always been the case (Higgins Higgins, 2000). This act of denial simply because he is not like them exiles him to world of isolation and he clearly knows that. Being exiled to the identity of the other John has always been shunned, disliked and mocked because, the Indians were dark skinned who fiercefuly looked down on the light skinned people presumably from the other place. John also experienced exiled from the rest of the Indian boys as a result of the promiscuous actions of his mother and was sometimes referred to as white hair or son of she-dog and such words crushed his spirits every time he tried to participate with them. The excitement that John shows when Bernard promises to take him and his mother to the brave new world shows that he highly anticipates to be set free from an exiled life he leads in the land of the savages (Huxley, 2005). Theme of exile in the book brave new world is also portrayed by Linda, mother to John who is very promiscuous and ignores the rules of the reservation lands and such act puts her in constant trouble with the inhabitants who resented her promiscuity and her intake of alcohol. Linda after being abandoned by the director in the reservation land she has never fitted in the society of the savages because she breaks the rules hence being ostracized by the society. Linda in exiled in the limbo as she tries to live in both the reservation society and her previous new brave world. He teaches his son to read which is against the brave new world but at same time is promiscuous and takes alcohol. Therefore Linda spends most of her life being exiled in the worlds of in-between as she cant fully fit into either of the societies. Bernard Marx is another character in the book brave new world that experiences exile as he has an inferiority complex which results from his small height that resulted during his faulty decantation process. His shortens as compared to his caste members make him to be ridiculed and mocked and this sends him to exile from the society as he becomes isolated from the rest. In addition to that Bernard doesnt believe in the promiscuous nature which his society permits and is rather aligned to monogamous kind of life which exhibits the nature of man before the Ford and this separated belief exiles him from the rest of the savage society who holds a complete contradictory belief that sex is for recreation rather than for reproduction and that people should have sex with as many partners as possible (Huxley, 1998). In addition to that Mustapha Mond who is resident of the world controller of western Europe and one of the ten world controllers experience exile in his way of life as he was forced to abandon his once ambitious career in physics and given the choice of training as a world controller. Giving up his science for the censoring of scientific discoveries as well as exiling of people for unorthodox beliefs exiles him from what he has always believed and stood for. This is clearly evident as he always keeps a collection of forbidden literature in his safe including the Shakespeares and other religious writings. All these serve to imply that Mond is leading a life of exile in the brave new world.

The Philippines And The United States :: essays research papers

The Philippines and The United States The Philippines and the United States are very two populated place but still very different in many ways. The United States has more job opportunities than the Philippines. So, there more successful people in America today. In the Philippines, the percentage of arable land is 34% mean there is plenty of manufactured goods, clothing, and lumber there. The birth rate is 35.9 per 1,000 population per year. The death rate is 7.8 per 1,000 population per year. In the Philippines, most households have maids to do there chores. The house owners work so many hours a day that they need house sitter that will take care of the house and kids. The population in the Philippines is around 59.9 Million which is fairly large for the land capacity of the Philippines . At the Philippines, there are 15 telephones per 1,000 population and 114 televisions per 1,000 population. The Philippines exports manufactured goods, clothing and lumber while they import petroleum products, machinery, and raw materials. Also in the Philippines, there are a lot of young people compared to the United States. 42% of the population is under 15. At the Philippines, females live to an average of 65.5 years old while the men live to an average of 61.8 years old. The United States is a hole different place in many ways. The population of the united states is around 248.7 Million. The United States Exports Machinery, food(Miscellaneous), and Chemicals. And they import Petroleum, petroleum products, and motor vehicles. People in the United states tend to live longer than the people in the Philippines. Females live around to the age of 78.3 while the males live around to the age of 71.4. There are 769 telephones per 1,000 population and 769 televisions per 1,000 population. There is 21% arable land in the United states. Many people have moved to the United States seeking for a better life. At the United states, there are 3,679,192 square

Climate Change: Global Emissions of Green House Gases Essay -- Environ

There are growing concerns about climate change and the effect of ‘greenhouse gases’ (GHG) on the gradual increase in world temperatures over time, now commonly known as global warming. The ‘greenhouse effect’ means that ‘greenhouse gases’ such as water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorocarbons insulate the Earth by absorbing heat from the Earth’s surface and reflecting it back into the atmosphere, acting in a similar way to a thermal blanket (Houghton, 2005). Although associated in recent times with pollution and climate change, the ‘greenhouse effect’ is essential for the continuity of the Earth’s climate (Karl and Trenberth, 2003). However, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (from the 18th to the 19th Century), the burning of fossil fuel meant that the greenhouse effect went from simply protecting the Earth’s climate to causing an actual increase in world temperatures (Martinez, 2005; Houghton, 2005). The gaseous culprit is the seemingly innocuous CO2, although harmless in the right atmospheric proportions, it is nevertheless a very powerful insulator and heat reflector (Houghton, 2005). Since 1750, the concentration of CO2 has increased by over 30% and is now at a higher level than it has been for thousands of years (Martinez, 2005; EPA, 2007). In fact, it is argued that if no action is taken to curb these emissions, then the concentration of CO2 will rise throughout the remainder of this century to two or three times its preindustrial level (Houghton, 2005). The Scientific evidence on global warming dates as far back as the second half of the 19th Century and the work of physicist John Tyndall and chemist Svente Arrhenius. It was particularly accelerated in the past 20... ...add around 7 meters to the world’s sea level (Gregory et al., 2004), with extremely damaging results for mankind and the ecosystem (Houghton, 2005). Global emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning are approaching 7 billion tonnes of CO2 per annum and are rising rapidly (Houghton, 2005; Stern, 2006). In fact, energy related emissions are forecasted to grow by over 2% per year over the next 30 years, if the world community continue with ‘business as usual’ (Stern, 2006). However, emissions during the 21st century must be reduced to a fraction of their present levels before the century’s end in order to stabilize CO2 concentrations (Houghton, 2005; Stern, 2006). Effective responses require collective action (Stern, 2006) and global efforts are needed to develop global solutions to overcome these global problems (Houghton, 2005, Stern, 2006).

The Woman With No Name in Monte Hellmans The Shooting :: Film Movie Shooting Hellman Essays

The Woman With No Name in Monte Hellman's The Shooting Works Cited Missing Generally forgotten by critics, and classified as alternately a cult classic and a B-movie (in reference to both its budget and its reception), Monte Hellman's The Shooting is a film worth revisiting. At a remote camp in the middle of the desert, a Woman With No Name arrives to hire two men to lead her to the town of Kingsley, days after one of the camp members was shot dead and another ran away. On their descent into the scorching desert, it becomes apparent that the Woman has misled her employees as a hired gun joins their party and they continue their journey, it would seem, to execute somebody. The Woman from time to time physically leads the pack, and is always deliberately in control of their actions. She is granted much agency in terms of both plot, and cinematic structure, frequently, for instance, holding a position in the frame physically over the men in order to deliver a command. She enacts the ability to do, without being done to, resorting to a performance of femininity /desirability at times to do her bidding. A textual analysis of the scene in which the childlike Coley is ordered by the Woman With No Name to stay behind in the blistering sun reveals a unique style with which Hellman plays with the conventions of the Western and the utilization of the gaze to question gender roles and authority. Open the Sequence Storyboard in a new browser window. The scene in question opens with an image (shot 1 in the storyboard) atypical in a film coded as a Western: two men riding together atop the same horse, as one critic points out, "jogging listlessly in a limbo without perspectives" (Strick, 50). At the heart of the scene is the metaphor central to this opening shot; that of male instability, masculinity in crisis. Coley has given his horse to the Woman With No Name and rides on the back of Gashsade's steed out of necessity. He has given up his means of transport, his agency. Without his horse, Coley lacks mobility in the narrative and his position as a male is challenged. The male body is celebrated in the Western with "the phallic image of a man on horseback, sitting high above the ground, upright and superior, gazing down at a world whose gaze he in turn solicits" (Mitchell, 167).

British Politics and Society Essay

– Between 1947-51, there was a considerable degree of economic recovery from the severe crisis of 1945-57. – Nationalisation of key industries, and creation of the welfare state – Ernest Bevin’s work as the Foreign Secretary ensured continuation of ‘ special relationship’ with USA and the formation of NATO – After losing power in 1951, labour only had two terms until Tony Blair’s landslide victory in 1997 – History of British politics & society between 1951 – 1997 was framed by Attlee’s govt and the beginning of Blair’s administration. Trends& Developments – 1951 – 1973 sustained periods of employment & relative popularity – the long post-war boom – 1973 – 1979 oil price crisis – 1979 – 1990 Thatcherism, industrial unrest, and privatisation of nationalised concerns. – Post-war years= extensive social & cultural change, with emergence of a youth culture, the advance of women, vast developments in the mass media & the growth of multiculturalism. Politics & Govt – 1951-64 was marked by dominance of moderate Tory govts under Churchill, Eden& Macmillan – Between 1964 – 79, it was a period of mainly Labour govts under Wilson & Callaghan, interrupted by Tory govt, under Heath 1970 – 4. – 1979 – 97 era of ‘Thatcherite’ conservatism – During those years Labour fell into decline due to internal divisions and the formation of SDP – 1969 – 98 problems of security in N.Ireland Foreign Affairs – Period marked by slow & uneven ‘retreat from empire’, with further decolonisation. – Continuance of cold war enhanced Britain’s ‘special relationship’ with USA , whilst relationship with Europe grew more complex – Britain joined EEC 1973 Section 1 – Dilwyn Porter – † that of a ‘post-war consensus’ that the sense of national unity, which developed during and because of ‘People’s War’ was continued and consolidated by Attlee’s government† Legacy of war years – Post-war consensus after WW2 – Attlee, Churchill & Eden worked together in war time coalition – PMs until Wilson in 1964 fought in WW1 – Tony Blair’s background fitted in with Tory mould as well or even better than Heath – Right-winged Tories argued that continuation of Attlee legacy was a tragic ‘socialist’ mistake – Left-winged Bevanites argued Atlee legacy not socialist enough Political Tensions – labour was subjected to a series of intense internal divisions and personality clashes throughout post war history – post war labour didn’t move with the post war consensus – west Germany 1959, key turning point when SPD reformed and dropped Marxist ideology for modernisation and democracy – Thatcher’s successful rebellion against Heath in 1975 marked the conservative party ‘s shift from the post war consensus – Thatcher’s election success marked the degree of part divisions Politics – Tories could hardly be called right winged in the 1950’s – Both Churchill and Eden made radical movements to alter the relationships between the government and the trade unions – Steel industry was denationalised in 1953 – No attempt to reverse what the labour government had done between 1945 – 51 – Macmillan government did more to consolidate the post war consensus than to challenge it – 1959 Macmillan’s government continued to follow centrist policies Economic Policy – continuation of the post war consensus under the government was referred to as ‘butskellism’ – Butler was a key figure in the conservative party (chancellor of exchequer) and was a serious contender for leadership in 1957 – Butler clashed with Bevan over the costs of the NHS – 1963 – Gaitskell became leader of the labour party – Gaitskell had open feuds about with the left wingers in his own party especially over nuclear disarmament – a key feature of butskellism was the ideas that Butler and Gaitskell had much more in common with each other than rival wings in their own parties Foreign Policy – Foreign policy was a major element of the Attlee legacy and the post war consensus which was summed up as ‘ a commitment to maintain both the welfare state and national greatness’ – An issue was the dissatisfaction of the alliance with the USA, and large scale commitments such as the independent nuclear war deterrent and anti soviet policies of the cold war – Labour politicians were sensitive about the claims that the socialism was unpredictable and unreliable and they wanted to prove the opposite – Bevan had battle with the left wing and communists during the thirties – Bevan was a supporter of Churchill and was proud of his successes such as the formation of NATO and wanted to keep their special relationship in good repair – Many left wingers weren’t happy with the policies but were never able to do over turn them – Post war consensus was put under strain due to the Suez crisis – Macmillan read the lessons of the affair and was quick to mend bridges with the US – Macmillan’s wind of change speech led the way to rapid decolonisation across Africa – Macmillan applied to get Britain in the EEC which got declined due to De Gaulle – Under the government of Wilson is when Britain was accepted into the EEC The significance of the 1964 – The labour campaign made much of the theme of modernisation – Public mood of expectancy in 1964 , reflected the sense that 1960’s Britain was going through fundamental social and cultural change – There was no change in political direction, in 1964 the labour governments under Wilson & Callaghan succeed in carrying on with their radical promises – Labour’s policies weren’t that different from what the conservatives would have done and there was emphasis on the economic modernisation – Why were the labour governments between 1964 and 1979 unable to achieve more success? – When Harold Wilson came into power in 1964 optimism among the labour supporters was high, – Wilson seemed to be a talented leader who had a wide support in the country

Countries at Low Levels of Development Face Such Huge Challenges That They Cannot Hope to Address Them Without the Assistance of the Rest of the World

Darfur: International Conflict |Location of Darfur: Dafur is a desert region in the far west of northern Sudan. Sudan is the largest country in Africa. It borders the Red Sea and 9 other African nations. | |Brief background: The population is 42. 2 million, capital city is Kartoum, life expectancy of 56 yrs for males and 60 years for females. The GNI per capita is US $1,130. Population of about 6 million | |people. The North/south civil war lasted for 2 decades before the Dafur crisis killed over 2 million people. Decades of fighting have left Sudan's infrastructure devastated.Arabic is the offical | |language of Sudan, and Islam is the religion of the state. Large non- Arabic speaking and non-muslim population which has rejected attempts by the government to impose Islamic Sharia law on the country | |as a whole. | | |Economic |Social |Environmental |Political | |Causes of |The African rebel groups (SLA and JEM) |Refugees from Darfur say air raids by |Dafur- which means land of the Fur, many |Fighting in Dafur started in early 2003.The Sudan | |conflict: |wanted greater representation for their |government aircrafts were followed by attacks |years of tension over land and grazing rights|Liberation Army (SLA) and Justice Equality Movement (| | |communities in the Arab-dominated national|from Janjaweed, who would ride into villages on|between nomadic Arabs, and farmers from the |JEM) began attacking government targets, accusing | | |government and wanted increased funding |horses and camels, slaughtering men, raping |Fur. Khartoum of oppressing black Africans in favour of | | |for Darfur schools, hospitals, public |women and stealing. |long history of cooperation between Darfur |Arabs. | | |services and a share of Sudan's oil | |Arabs and Africans The main conflicts have |Pro-government Arab militias are accused of | | |revenue. | been over access to water and farmland. |campaigning ethnic cleansing against non-Arab groups. | | | | |Droughts in 1984 intensified struggles over |President Bashir took power in June 1989 in a | | | | |resources. military coup against the elected government | | | | | | | |Impact of |Sudan has large areas of cultivable land, |UN estimate more than 2. 7 million people fled |Janjaweed have campaigned to drive African |In March 2009, the International Criminal Court | |conflict: |gold and cotton.Its oil reserves are ripe|their homes ( refugees) and more than 300 000 |farmers off fertile lands in Darfur, have |issued an arrest warrant for President Omar al- | | |for exploitation. The conflict has held |have been killed in the conflict from a |burned African villages and deliberately |Bashir, on the charges of war in Dafur. | | |back economic progress. |combined effect of war, famine and disease. |contaminated water sources. For years after independence, all Dafuris- Arabs and | | | |Some human rights groups have said genocide is | |Africans alike- tended to view the Sudanese | | | |taking place- UN investigations in 2005 | |government in Khartoum as corrupt and biased towards | | | |concluded that war crimes had been committed | |Darfur. | | |but there had been no intent to commit | | | | | |genocide. | | | |International impacts: Strained relations with neighbouring Chad to the west.Both countries accuse |Conflict resolution: President Bashir won re-election in 2000. The opposition boycotted the poll, | |each other of supporting each other's rebel groups. Dafur conflict could lead to a wider, regional war. |accusing him of vote-rigging. | |There are over 200 000 refugees in Chad, many camped along the 600 km stretch of corder and who remain | | |vulnerable to attack. Political: After the UK ( colonial rulers until 1956) introduced democratic councils, there was | |The implications of ongoing violence could further destabilise the region and this could have a knock |competition between Darfur Arabs and Africans for political offices. After independence, this | |on effect on the world's oi l supply for countries such as the US, who are attempting to reduce their |competition increased and Darfur Arabs sought to undo centuries of African dominance in Darfur | |independence on oil from the Middle East. |government. | | | | | | |Other information: | | | | | |Location of Afghanistan: Landlocked mountainous sovereign state forming part of South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and the east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the| |north, and China in the far northeast. | |Brief background: | | | | | |Economic |Social |Environmental |Political | |Causes of conflict: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Impact of conflict: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |International impacts: |Conflict resolution: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Other information: | | | | | Afghanistan: International Conflict

An Analysis of Ann Petry’s “Like a Winding Sheet” Essay

There have been countless studies to that show Stress, Frustration and Anger are related. In Ann Petry short story â€Å"Like a Winding Sheet† you can observer this relationship. First, let us study the title â€Å"Like a Winding Sheet† the words Winding Sheet means â€Å"shroud†, this indicate the characters of the story could have a shroud hanging oven him? The story is told in a third person point of view it takes place in the Ghetto’s of Harlem. As you start reading the story, you can see right away Johnson and his wife Mae seem to be a happy black couple. He tries to get up before his wife Mae, and he wants to â€Å"surprise her by fixing breakfast† (1). This divulges a romantic side of Johnson to the reader however, instead of getting up he goes back to sleep because, he has worked ten hours at night and his legs are sore. Another sign of Johnson’s love for Mae is when they were arguing about being late for work and â€Å"he couldn’t bring himself to talk to her roughly or threaten to strike her like a lot of men might have done† (59). Although, this appears from the outward appearance to be a normal relationship it’s hard to ignore the inward emotion that Johnson has been keeping bottled up. Was this the beginning of Johnson’s Stress, Frustration, and Anger? As the story moves on Johnson arrive to work late as always, he see the forelady, a white woman who is upset about something. He avoids looking at her, but she stops him anyway. He greets her â€Å"good evening; Mrs. Scott’ (91) and waits for her reaction. The forelady refers to the time and tells him that â€Å"he is late again† (92). Johnson explains to her that his legs are giving him trouble. Then suddenly she makes a remark that’s bring out Johnson anger â€Å"Every guy comes in here late always has an excuse† (100) â€Å"and niggers are the worse† (102). She also points out that she is â€Å"sick of niggers† (104) which is definitely, in today society considered a racial statement. This along with the fact that it was coming from the mouth of a white woman was more than Johnson was prepared to handle. But, he reframes from hitting her because she is a woman. Was this the beginning of Johnson’s Stress, Frustration, and Anger? Work is finally over and Johnson’s anger has subsided. However, this doesn’t last long. As Johnson makes his way home he sees a line of people being service coffee at an urn. He stops to get some when the white girl who is  serving the coffee refuses to give Johnson a cup and he assumes it is because he is black but in really it was because the young lady had to make more. Just the thought of not being serviced the coffee because, he was black made him furious and makes him want to â€Å"hit her so hard that the scarlet lipstick on her mouth would smear and spread over her nose, her chin† (253). But, as with the forelady he reframes from hitting her because she is a woman. Was this the beginning of Johnson’s Stress, Frustration, and Anger? Johnson makes home from work and starts arguing with his wife. She says that he is â€Å"nothing but a hungry nigger who is trying at act tough† (312).This pushes Johnson over the edge his anger and frustration take over. He finds his hands on this wife face not realizing that he was taking all his anger and frustration on the one he loves. You may ask why Johnson didn’t hit the forelady when she calls him a nigger, and why did he control his anger when the waitress refuse to give him a cup of coffee, and more important why did he lose it when his WIFE called him a† hungry nigger†. As the reader of this story I came up with two answers to these questions: one is if a black man lost control on a white woman his life would be worthless and black on black violence was acceptable. My second reason is as human being we have the tendency to take all of our frustrations and anger out on the ones that we love hoping that they will understand and will forgives us.

How to write a methodology (2018) Dissertation Help

How to write a methodologyDissertation Help To address how to write a methodology, in the Methodology section of your dissertation you have to justify and explain your choice of methodologies employed in your research. You don’t however have to explain the methodological approaches that you could have used. In other words, say why you chose the ones you did and don’t say why you didn’t choose the others that were at your disposal.How to write a methodology?You may consider whether or not someone else could easily replicate your study based on what you have included in this section and in the appendices. In this section you have to explain very clearly how you arrived at your findings and state clearly why they are reliable and how they answer your research questions or test the hypotheses on which your research was based.How to Structure the Methodology Chapter?Section I PhilosophyThis will deal with the philosophy which underpins your research. You will set out the research paradigm here. While there are many different research philosophies you can adopt, three of the most popular are positivism, post-positivism and interpretivism. Each is suitable for a different sort of study, and each involves different assumptions about the world (ontology), how we know that world (epistemology) and the nature of knowledge. You may also be interested in: What is dissertation and why is it important? The following table sums up key details about each philosophy, and should help you decide which is most useful for your area of study. PHILOSOPHYBRIEF DESCRIPTIONTYPE OF DATA/DATA COLLECTIONONTOLOGYEPISTEMOLOGY PositivismAims to mirror scientific method. Uses deductive reasoning, empirical evidence and hypothesis testingQuantitative data, surveys based on scientific methods, larger sample sets, numericThe world is objective and independent of our subjective experienceThe world is knowable, and this knowledge is communicable between agents InterpretivismAn approach to studying people, particularly in social sciences, that starts from position that the subject matter is inherently different from non-human subjects.Qualitative data, subjective experience, small numbers of respondents, detailed examinations, textualThe world is dependent on the many subjective experiences of that world, and does not exist independently of experienceThere is no possibility of ‘objective’ knowledge of the world, all we have are different experiences. Post-PositivismShares the main assumptions of positivism, but takes a more relativistic perspectiveQuantitative, qualitative, mixed methodsThere is an objective world, but knowledge of it is filtered through the subjective experience of individuals. Knowledge is by its nature partial and bound by individual experienceSection II: ApproachHow to write a methodology Research Onion, Source: Saunders et al (2012) Here you will need to explain the context of your research, its limitations and specifically answer the â€Å"w-† questions, which include How, Why, What Where and WhenThe main decision you are likely to make is whether you will be using qualitative or quantitative methods (or methods which combine both). Each method is associated with a different approach to gathering data. In general (there’s lots more material available online if you want to learn more) you first need to decide whether you are going to work along broadly positivist, scientific lines, starting with a defined hypothesis and testing this against reality. If so, you are likely to be collecting numerical data in reasonably large quantities (30 or more) and running statistical tests on this data. In other words, you’ll be using a quantitative approach (to do with collecting and manipulating data).On the other hand, you might be more interested in exploring broad areas, probably to do with people’s experiences of, perceptions of or emotional reactions to a subject, and looking in detail at these responses in all their richness. By looking at broad areas of interest, you are aiming to generate theories about the area you are investigating. If this is the case, you will be adopting a qualitative approach (concerned with analysing textual responses in detail).Finally, you might want to use a mixture of both methods, and indeed ‘mixed methods’ research is becoming increasingly popular. It’s particularly useful when you want to reflect different perspectives on a subject, or put quantitative information into a robust real-world context. Other Relevant Articles: 1. Should I use Primary or Secondary Research? 2. The Steps involved in writing a Dissertation.Section III: Strategy and Research DesignIn this section you will outline how you collected your data; and you will have to explain your choice for using the methods you did, such as online surveys, phone surveys, face-to-face-interviews and so on. How did you choose your sampleExplain the choice of age group and ethnicity of your respondents. What questions did you ask and how have these contributed towards answering your research question or how did these test your hypothesis which formed the basis of your researchIt is actually better to write this at the start of your research, so that it can be changed if your methods are not producing the results you need. However as this is not usually how dissertations are written- they are written in hindsight, then you will have to be honest about the flaws in the design. When writing or planning this section, it’s good practice to refer back to your research questions, aims and objectives, and ask yourself whether what you are planning to do is the best way to answer the questions and achieve the objectives. It’s best to do this at an early stage, rather than look at the data you collected and find it doesn’t throw any light on the topics you wanted to ask about. Another thing to remember is that you need to convince the reader that the results you obtain are valid and reliable. When discussing why you selected the methods you did, you should be convincing that these methods are the best ones available given what you want to achieve.Section IV: Data Collection and Analysis MethodsYou will have to explain how the data was collected (by what means) and then explain the analysis tools you used. For example, if you were sampling texts, or have a lot of qualitative data are you using semiotics analysis, discourse analysis and so on. If you used software tools then you will have to say what these were and why you chose to use these particular ones. In this section you have to explain very clearly how you arrived at your findings and state clearly why they are reliable and how they answer your research questions or test the hypotheses on which your research was based. . The choices you made at the beginning of your research study should have been aided by contributions from your supervisor. That being so, writing the Methodology section will be the easiest part of your dissertation.Section V: Ethics, Reliability, Validity, Generalizability and LimitationsFinally, your methodology should discuss the following: Ethics – you need to explain how you have taken into account the ethics of your research, particularly if it includes human subjects. What steps did you take to make sure no one involved is harmed in any way (even very minor ways) This discussion should include how you dealt with issues of confidentiality of data, and data protection Reliability – that is, the extent to which your study is reliable, in that the results can be repeated by other researchers at other times. To be informative, studies should be both reliable and valid Validity – that is, does the study test what it sets out to testAre the measures you use able to accurately assess what you want to look at Generalizability – to what extent are the particular results you obtained true of other populationsNot all studies are as generalizable as others, but you need to discuss how generalizable your results are likely to be, and why. Limitations – finally, you need to acknowledge any ways i n which the study was limited. Was it restricted to only one country, when data from other regions would be usefulOr were only people of a certain age interviewed, when a more representative cross-section of the population would have yielded more informative results Continue Reading: 1. Sample Dissertation Methodology: Mixed Method Deductive Research 2. How to Structure a Dissertation: Chapters & Subchapters 3. Understanding Mixed Research Methods 4. Flawless Tips on Selecting your PhD Thesis Topic Summary Reviewer John- our site Admin Review Date 2017-08-20 Reviewed Item How to write a methodologyDissertation Help Author Rating 5

American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

American history - Essay Example On the other hand, withdrawing the army from was essentially an act of moral defeat for the United States in the war against the soviet communist totalitarianism. Such withdrawal could have allured the procommunist blocs around the world. As a result, the most difficult task for Nixon Presidency was to find out a decent exit route from the war. Overview of the American Dilemma in the War In fact, President Johnson’s failure to find out a decent exit from the Battle of Vietnam played a crucial role in the presidential election in 1969. As a result, Nixon was elected. But several issues that were crucial to the interest of America at home and abroad and also of Nixon himself were, in some way or other, entwined with his success to end the war. In the first place Nixon was confronted with the massive casualties that occurred on either sides of the war. Furthermore, he has to confront with the mass protest at home and abroad against the moral decay of the US Army in the events lik e â€Å"My Lai Massacre†, â€Å"Green Beret Affair† and the operation â€Å"Speedy Express†, etc. ... Such public insolence could have turned against the ruling party in the next election, if he had have failed to find out a decent exit from Vietnam. In national politics, Nixon’s dilemma was -as it is said in an article, â€Å"Richard M. Nixon - The Vietnam war†: â€Å"If [Nixon’s] plan involved escalation, Democrats could charge that he was abandoning attempts to reach a peaceful solution and could point to mounting American casualties and prisoners of war. If he negotiated a solution that led to the fall of the government in Saigon, Democrats could charge that he had abandoned an ally†.3 Indeed, this dilemma of Nixon played crucial role in shaping his policy for the Americans’ role in the Vietnam War. Now, even though Nixon successfully retained his position in the Oval Office in 1973, he failed to find out a safe and decent exit from Vietnam. There is no doubt that by perpetuating the US presence in Vietnam, he had been able to retain the big-bro ther image for his country in international power politics. But obviously, he had paid a high price for it.4 Sacrificing the United States’ image as the savior, Nixon’s offensive stance as well as his â€Å"Madman† earned him a bad reputation. Scholars often claim that his defensive stance would have helped more the causes of South Vietnam to survive as a democratic state than the â€Å"Madman Doctrine† could do. What Started the War? The Vietnam War started, in 1955, as a conflict between the communists-backed North Vietnam and the US-ally-backed South Vietnam. But in the 1960s, the United States began to involve in the war increasingly. As a result, the war, which was initially a colonial struggle between the French and the pro-communist northern

Scholarly Articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Scholarly Articles - Essay Example These articles and their explanations are, In introducing his thesis, the author identifies various writers who have articles on the same topic. For example he identifies Paul Carmenisch and his explanation of ethical practices as the core of business activities (Chase, 2004). He names provision of goods and services as an important ethical practice organizations need to undertake. The author uses Carmenisch arguments to build on his thesis and in the second paragraph; he identifies Christian values in respect to business ethics. This is the theses of this article. The structure of this article is different from articles on Story grammar in the sense that this article introduces its thesis by use of authors who have written on such a topic while in story grammar articles; there is use of case studies to introduce a thesis statement. In introducing the thesis, the writer uses a case study which gives example of how corporations are hard to kill. In the second paragraph, the author introduces the thesis statement by use of a question, the question is, and the question asked is in reference to advertisements as a means of building a business brand (Stackhouse, 2004) This is similar with article in story grammar which uses case studies in introducing their thesis. The author has used a case study to introduce his thesis. The Story of Martha Stewart, producer of beverages, jailed but her company for business malpractices but her company still performed well. In introducing his thesis, in the first paragraph, he starts by Quoting woods Allen, a 1980 author. He uses APA style of referencing. In the second paragraph, the author introduces the discussion topics of his paper and thereafter, the importance decision making, which is his thesis. This article is different from articles in story grammar because it does have a case study in developing its thesis (Gill, 2004). On the article, Reflections on Consumerism in a Global Era, the author has managed

Entrepreneurship Initiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Entrepreneurship Initiation - Essay Example To begin with, it is vital to make some reasonable refinements and settle on decisions going to which particular piece of the new administration advancement hypothesis this study wishes to make a commitment. The typology contrived by Goldstein et al. (2002) closed to have an extensive level of functional significance and is accordingly the most evident one to utilize. This administration typology recognizes four administration sorts by utilizing two qualities. These traits, (1) Contact power, and (2) Variety were uncovered to be the basic typology traits by variable examination (Goldstein et al., 2002). While contact power is seen as the measure of interrelationships between workers furthermore clients, mixture is seen as the aggregate sum of decided appearances of the services. Rosen, (2002), claim that the contrast between these service sorts is that service sorts with a generally low mixed bag have a tendency to utilize conventional new product improvement apparatuses to create services. Because of constrained introduction to client changes, the attributes of these services look like, all things considered, the qualities of physical merchandise. By force is altogether different (Mathis, 2002). Considering the distinction in service advancement and instruments effectively accessible to service firms with low contact power, a more noteworthy commitment can be made to service advancement for firms with a high contact force and mixture, particularly when considering the little collection of writing covering this subject in this specific portion (Minkoff and Cline, 2003).

Instruction and Assessmrnt plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Instruction and Assessmrnt plan - Essay Example This paper puts forth some writing and reading learning activities to enhance the same in 5th graders. (Hurley, 2001) Day/Dates Lesson Objective Instructional methods Material Needed Reading Activity 1 Monday Start Reading the story â€Å"Because of Winn Dixie† It will be a read-aloud method in class for the first day followed by some home-reading To get the students geared up for what is to follow ; develop their reading habit and ability to appreciate good literature A brief introduction on the story to be given by the teacher followed by READ-ALOUD sessions of the story and prospect discussions. Get the students to introspect on the characters that they might encounter in the story and what do they expect the plot to be like. White board Marker Flash cards Reading Activity 2 Tuesday Follow-up session on the reading home-assignment given on Monday. To develop the thinking skills of the students and their ability to comprehend the context and predict plots. Preview. Predict G et the students to discuss: 1. What part did Winn Dixie had to play in what happened at the library? 2. Is it possible for a girl to be on friendly terms with an elderly librarian White board Marker Flash cards Reading Activity 3 Wednesday Reader Groups will be made Centered activity and reading would be of : 1. Something to Do Help Students sequence the story, to summarize, and develop story board. 1. Students will be put in leveled groups. 2. During the class, the teacher will put forth story board activities related to sequencing and vocabulary. 3. Students will be expected to take part in the story board activities on rotational basis. White board Marker Posters for story board activities Reading Activity 4 Thursday Reader groups will again be made. Reading would be of: Child of the silent Night Help students In sequencing and vocabulary comprehension. 1. Participation during the entire group discussion. 2. Get students to infer meaning of vocabulary words like grand, memorial, pitfalls etc. 3. Students will be expected to attend to questions put forth by the instructor : What experiences bring forth people from diverse culture together. ; How did Laura recover (Describe the sequence) 4. Words will be read from the context and pictures will be provided to give cue to their meanings from the context. 5. Students will be expected to solve practice work sheet page 4 White board Marker Posters for story board activities Reading Standards: To inculcate an understanding of figurative language in students. Students at grade 5 level are not pro at their understanding of figurative language. They find it difficult to draw inferences and meanings given the context at this level. They still tend to delve on the literal meaning of words. So the idea would be to develop their understanding of figurative language. Secondly, it would also aim at inculcate student understanding and ability to connect different ideas and arguments, in a given context. In general the abilit y to understand and comprehend information will be developed at this level. Day/Date Lesson Objective Instructional Method Materials Needed Writing Activity 1 Monday Narrative Prompt The objective of this activity is to help students put in words what they feel about a certain aspect of their life/life in general. It is simply

Valuation and Investment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Valuation and Investment - Term Paper Example More than 60 percent of the potential customers come from US alone. Carnival is a 23.78 billion company by market capitalization. It has 100 ships in its possession and runs 15 hotels comprising of 3420 guest rooms. The company also possesses 395 motor coaches. The company markets its vacation tours through travel agents and operators. The company gets competition from several smaller cruise liners but due to scale of operations the company is in better position to weather them. (Carnival Corporation 2011) Compared to Cruise Lines, Royal Caribbean (RCL) is a smaller company with market capitalization of only $5 billion; however, RCL claims to have the newest fleet in the industry that provides a lot more open space in their fleets. Operationally, they are smaller than Carnival Cruise but hope to pick them fast. Royal Caribbean manages 40 ships and handles traffic of almost 4 million passengers. The Celebrity Cruises segment is meant for premium customers. This segment comprises 9 shi ps and offers some of the premium services. (Royal Caribbean 2011) Financials It will be appropriate to go through the financials of both the company. The following table shows side by side some of the important key parameters. Some Key Financials Cruise Corporation (CCL) Royal Caribbean (RCL) Market Cap (intraday) 23.78bn 5.06bn Current Ratio (mrq) 0.23 0.40 Total Debt/Equity (mrq) 41.26 103.7 Operating Cash Flow (ttm) 3.82billion 1.42billion Qtrly Earnings Growth (yoy) -18.30% 74.0% Trailing P/E (ttm) 12.53 8.71 200-Day Moving Average 38.41 38.41 52-Week High 48.14 49.99 52-Week Low 29.36 23.03 Beta 1.53 3.19 Source: http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=CCL http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=RCL Liquidity The above table displays some of the important liquidity ratios for both the company. On liquidity ground the Cruise Corporation stands better than Royal Caribbean as debt-equity and current ratio both are higher in the case of Royal Caribbean; however, the reason for this lies in the recent addition of some of the luxury ships in its fleet increasing its long term debt. Obviously, this has also reflected in its earnings growth too. Earnings Growth As per the quarterly earnings growth, Royal has displayed an impressive 74 % year to year growth against the negative earnings shown by Cruise Corporation. This indicates that though Cruise has larger fleet to cater to the vacation needs, the segment to which it serves is price sensitive and the Cruise is unable to raise its effective rates due to recessionary conditions. The situation for the CCL may improve with the change in economic conditions as being envisaged after nine months and then higher vacation charges may improve the earnings. Nevertheless, robust growth of the economy is not envisaged in near future so the advantage of booming economy that CCL may have because of its larger fleet and capacity to handle larger traffic is several years away. Risk Perception by Market CCL commands higher P/E compared t o RCL as can be seen from the above table. Risk perception (Beta) by market for RCL is much higher than CCL as later commands smaller Beta of 1.53 against 3.19 of RCL. High Beta indicates high volatility in the market price of the stock. In case of some adverse market conditions or due to some other eventuality the price of RCL may see the vertical fall; however, that also indicates that substantial rise in stock price is possible with

Accessing External Finance for SMEs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Accessing External Finance for SMEs - Essay Example This essay stresses that Entrepreneurial Finance plays a significant role in helping managers to choose better financing and investment strategies relevant to their line of business. The business sector has been growing tremendously in the recent times. This is because of prevailing affirmative business and market factors. The ever-growing technological advancements, population, and economy has provided the requisite labor of production and increased the demand for the finished products. As a result, diverse businesses have come up to supply the needs of the demanding citizens in our economy. While some businesses are well-established entrepreneurs, most of them are small and medium sized enterprises that face many challenges in starting up, financing, management, and market competition. This paper makes a conclusion that there is evidence of information and control limitations in financial markets especially in the process of seeking debt financing. There is significant credit rationing procedure that denies borrowers a chance to borrow all they want, or to borrow at all. However, many entrepreneurs have been seeking debt finance for the startup, expansion and the running of the enterprise by selling the bonds, bills, notes, debentures, or mortgages held by the business. Entrepreneurs use debentures to raise capital without selling the enterprise, giving up future profits, or having to use their assets.

Steve Jobs leadership and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Steve Jobs leadership and management - Essay Example The success of businesses in the global market is strongly depended on their ability to identify the needs of customers and to develop product/ services that best respond to these needs. This fact is reflected in the strategies of firms, which own an important share of their industry; these firms tend to prioritize their targets in order to ensure that risks are minimizing. In all cases it has been proved that the ability of firms to develop competitive plans is related to their leaders. Of course, managers are highly involved in such initiatives but it is mainly the leader of each firm who sets the rules on which organizational strategies will be based – taking into consideration the mission of the organization but also the market’s pressures and the resources available. On the other hand, there are leaders who can perform higher compared to their counterparts in most organizations internationally. These leaders are known as charismatic leaders and can respond to organ izational issues and challenges requiring either leadership or managerial skills. Steve Jobs is one of these leaders. Four resources of different characteristics have been employed in this paper in order to explain the leadership skills of Steve Jobs not just regarding his work in Apple but also regarding his contribution in the development of leadership, as a factor influencing the performance of organizations operating in all industries. The article of Conaty and Charan, published in 2011, explains analytically the characteristics of leadership style of Steve Jobs. On the other hand, a report published by the Stanford News referring to Steve Job’s Commencement Address in 2005 has been considered as valuable including Steve Job’s personal views on the facts, which most influenced his leadership style. A recent financial statement of Apple has been also used in order to indicate the firm’s performance, under the influence of Steve Job’s leadership style. Finally, the article of Thoma published in 2010 in regard to the leadership style of Steve Jobs has been included in th e resources of this paper as it emphasizes on the management skills of Steve Jobs, an issue which should be also discussed when evaluating the involvement of Steve Jobs in organizational issues which are normally handled by leaders but also in those which are likely to be handled by managers. The leadership style of Steve Jobs can be characterized as unique even if it can be partially related to existing leadership theories. The key advantage of Steve Jobs compared to the leaders of most organizations seems to be the following one: Steve Jobs can ‘identify the product that appeals to the customers and act decisively’ (Conaty and Charan, online article). The specific fact is reflected in the following tale – referring to Steve Jobs’ first participation in the board meeting of Apple. It is noted that after entering the room, Steve Jobs focused on the company’s products, which were set on display and ‘began taking them down, one at a time; when h e was done, only four were left’ (Conaty and Charan, online article). He explained that only these products, among the firm’s products, could help the firm to develop a competitive advantage towards its rivals. The above tale reflects the approach of Jobs in highlighting the products on which Apple should invest for

External and Internal Marketing Environment Analysis of Nokia Essay

External and Internal Marketing Environment Analysis of Nokia - Essay Example On the other hand, micro-environment of a company is usually made up of the company’s customers, suppliers, competitors as well as the intermediaries. For example, the success of Nokia in terms of its growth and market leadership is largely attributed to the company’s effective management of the dynamics underlying the interactions between external and internal market factors. This is particularly evidenced by Nokia’s strategic position which has been primarily focused on keeping up with technology as well as the production of market oriented services. This paper critically analyzes Nokia’s marketing environment particularly the macro and micro-environmental factors affecting its marketing operations as well as a SWOT analysis of the company. Macro economic factors Macro-environment affecting Nokia Company include; technology, demographics, social, political and economic factors. Legal constraints (such as the G3 technology constraints that Nokia have to p ut into consideration) must be taken into account because many businesses aim to make a profit hence they are tempted to mislead their customers about prices, quality and the availability of the products. They may also cut expenditure by using lesser quality materials in their products (such as weaker materials for Nokia cases and batteries). When it comes to environmental, social and ethical factors Nokia have managed to be quite environmentally friendly and have not done anything that the consuming public may have taken huge to, they have been careful about this and this is one of the reasons they are such a popular brand of mobile phones. According to Lindholm(2003, p.301), Nokia’s marketing environment has grown immensely within the last decade. Moving into the Mobile World Nokia has remained... As the report declares the company’s primary goal is to develop excellent mobile products that will enable billions of people across the world to connect with each other through mobile communication. Currently one of the main challenges facing the company is the increasing competitive and dynamic market. Nokia has however remained as one of the leading mobile manufactures and other information and technology related software and games in east and central Europe. This paper stresses that Generally Companies often relate with two types of environment, Microenvironment and Macro environment. The microenvironment comprises the company’s marketing, customers and competitors and other the related forces which affect demand for a company’s goods. These forces include economics, demographics, technology, politics and culture. Macro-environment affecting Nokia Company include; technology, demographics, social, political and economic factors. Legal constraints (such as the G3 technology constraints that Nokia have to put into consideration) must be taken into account because many businesses aim to make a profit hence they are tempted to mislead their customers about prices, quality and the availability of the products. They may also cut expenditure by using lesser quality materials in their products. Moving into the Mobile World Nokia has remained committed to strong growth, profitability and responsible in market leadership.

Impact of Poverty on Children Essay Example for Free

Impact of Poverty on Children Essay According to data from UNICEF, a child in the United States is more likely to live in poverty than any other developed nation (American Psychological Association, 2012) Children living in poverty suffer from lack of nutrition. Lack of nutrition can lead to premature birth and/or low birth weight (APA, 2012). Inadequate access to healthy foods can lead to obesity (Dalton, 2007). Lack of food can lead to hunger or food insecurity (APA, 2012). Malnutrition can lead to deficits in cognitive and social development (APA, 2012). Failure to thrive can be a result of under nutrition (APA, 2012). According to the American Psychological Association (2012) poverty can lead to poor academic achievement. Stress connected with living in poverty affects concentration and memory (APA, 2012). Lack of encouragement to promote literacy and reading readiness (Cuthrell, Stapleton, Ledford, 2010). No exposure to activities such as museums and camps (Cuthrell et al., 2010). Several states with school districts in low-income areas receive much less in state and local funding than other school districts (Hutchinson, 2013). Poverty and lack of insurance affects children’s health. Barrier to children receiving proper vaccinations (Becton, Lee, Nieman, 2008). Children are a greater risk of behavioral and emotional issues (APA, 2012). Increased risk of asthma, anemia, and pneumonia (APA, 2012). Exposure to lead and other environmental contaminants (APA, 2012). Micro social work Working with families with children to provide services for food and health care. Collaborating with other agencies to provide services such as health departments, community service boards, and mental health service providers. Working with schools to ensure child(ren)’s needs being met. Assisting family with nutritional education and access to healthy foods. Macro social work Work with community to increase support for Head Start and preschool programs for all children. Policy and laws must address the lack availability of services and health insurance for children living in poverty. Advocate for school systems to better educate teachers to deal with children living in poverty – hire teachers who care about student’s achievements (Cuthrell et al., 2010). Encourage school boards to eliminate all sugary foods and drinks from school campuses. Encourage communities to be proactive in assisting families living in poverty with food and educational programs. Work with policy to promote increase in wages and employment opportunities (Fass et al., 2009). Social Constructionist Perspective Children in poverty have a place in society – do not move up in class. Children in poverty have certain characteristics: not intelligent, slow-minded, dirty, obese, wanting hand-outs, criminals. Children in poverty should not aspire to improve their circumstances. Society class structure gives the need for children and families to live in poverty. Poverty is accepted as a norm – need change of thinking. Social Behavior Perspective Children in poverty expect to grow up to live in poverty. Children in poverty thinking is reinforced by their environment. Children in  poverty do not have high expectations or goals. Children living in poverty continue the cycle of the parents and grandparents previously. Conflict Perspective Children in poverty are a non-dominant group. Children in poverty have no voice. Children in poverty are results of social and economic injustice – unequal division of power. Children in poverty affect all facets of society Schools and all children affected by policies such as: No Child Left Behind Act – teaching more to state testing versus academics and knowledge. Children in poverty cost an estimated $500 billion in lost productivity and spending on health care and criminal justice systems (Fass, Dinan, Aratani, 2009). Children in poverty are more likely to be poor as adults, continuing the cycle increasing chances of chronic poverty ((Fass et al., 2009). The research on children living in poverty reinforces how the environment can and will affect an individual’s situation. Poverty influences a child’s health, education, and future well-being. If a child is not given the same opportunities as other children not living in poverty, the struggle to rise above poverty can be overwhelming. The cycle of poverty will only change when there is an equality of resources. The change starts at the micro level with the individual child and the family receiving services. To break the cycle, the change must be at the macro level with change in policies and laws. Agencies and social workers must give the children living in poverty a voice that can be heard. References American Psychological Association. (2012). Effects of poverty, hunger and homelessness on children and youth. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/print-this.aspx Becton, J. L., Lee, C., Nieman, L. Z. (2008). The effect of lack of insurance, poverty and paediatrician supply on immunization rates among children 19-35 months of age in the United States. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice3, 14(2), 248-253. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2007.00841.x Cuthrell, K., Stapleton, J., Ledford, C. (2010). Examining the culture of poverty: promising practices. Preventing school failures, 54(2), 104-110. Dalton, S. (2007, January). Our vulnerable children: poor and overweight. Southern Medical Journal. pp. 1-2. Fass, S., Dinan, K. A., Aratani, Y. (2009, December). Child poverty and intergenerational mobility. National center for Children in Poverty. Retrieved from http://nccp.org/publications/pub_911.html Hutchinson, E. D., (2013). Theoretical perspectives on human behavior. Essentials of human behavior integrating person, environment, and the life course. (pp. 39 – 42). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications. Compare/Contrast Krystal and Jessica both want to work with immigrants to help integrate them into the schools and society and overcome barriers. My desire to help children in poverty could be viewed as similar as both groups have barriers due to their status. Immigrants and poor people are looked upon as being less of a person. Each group I believe is affected by the conflict perspective. The unequal balance of power and resources prevents immigrants and poor people access to the same opportunities. If there is not a balance or equal opportunity to services and resources, how can immigrants and people living in poverty achieve the successes of those with access? The environment in which immigrants and poor people are exposed to everyday does not meet the basic needs of acceptance and hope. If children are to succeed in the classroom they must be given the tools and support to do so. Things such as food, shelter and language are taken for granted by society when there is not a need. How is a child who cannot understand what a teacher is saying or is being bullied by other children because of their different speech or clothing achieving success in the classroom? How can a child who has not eaten since lunch in school the day before concentrate on what is being taught by the teacher? Society must take responsibility for these  children. Social workers must advocate at all levels: micro and macro – to ensure immigrants and children of poverty are receiving equal access to opportunities available to others. Social workers and society cannot accept poverty as a norm. Social workers and society cannot accept lack of resources and/or funding an excuse to not properly educate children of immigrants.