Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theory Essay

Nursing has evolved into a science. Like other scientific disciplines, the practice of breast feeding is guided by nursing theories. According to Julia George, practice is insensibled on the theories of the discipline that argon authorize through research (George, 2011, p. 7). The major shift in theoretical thinking in nursing is express to occur in the 1960s when the focus in nursing shifted from simple line/need and operable role, to the consanguinity between nurse and patient (George, 2011, p. 10). The aim of this paper is two-fold First, I will compare and poll the concept definition of plow (caring) across Dorothea Orems self- criminal maintenance opening and Madeleine Leiningers conjecture of elaboration finagle hypothesis.Second, I will present the concept statement, metaparadigms, philosophies, and conceptual model of Dorothy Orems self- lot theory and discuss where and how Orems self- wish theory can be applied to nursing. I will explore the major concepts and a ssumptions of Dorothea Orems self- disquiet theory and Madeleine Leiningers goal criminal maintenance theory, and compare and analyze the two theories in terms of the similarities and differences. The concept of safeguard (caring) is a core concept customary to many nursing theories. Boykin and Schoenhofer in presenting their theory of Nursing as Caring maintain that caring is the moral imperative for nursing (see George, 2011, p. 11).Dorothea Orems self- lot theory and Madeleine Leiningers socialization care theory both focus on patient care. I can easily secernate with both theories. As a practicing nurse, my personal philosophy is that nursing is about caring this apart, Orems and Leiningers theories are non as abstract as some of the theories. Both theories can at that placefore be still be used by the nurses who are not in academia to guide and mend their practice. Orems theory focuses on the key concept of self-care. According to Orems theory, every individual giving has the capacity for self-care. Self-care implies that when they are able, individuals care for themselves. When the person is unable(p) to care for himself, the nurse provides the assistance postulate. For children nursing care is needed when the bring ups or guardians are unable to provide the amount and quality of care needed (George, 2011, p. 114).I find Orems theory to be logical. There are certain situations when one is ill and does not require a nurse. For example, most people do not immediately go to the hospital with the common cold. In this case they take care of themselves. When a wellness problem arises for which self-care is insufficient to take care of the situation, one has to seek the attention of the nurse who compensates for this deficit. According to Orem, a nurse is needed when someone call for nursing care because of inability to care for oneself. The environment is to foster and maintain nurse healing(p) relationship between nurses and patients, to determ ine when someone needs help or assistance, attention to patient response, giving creative activityalize aid to individuals and families and collaboration with other health professionals. The nurse according to Orem can be a parent or another human, family or community, not necessarily a health care nurse.As outlined in her theory, there are ternion interrelated actions or measures used to provide self-care. The first is the habitual self-care requisites this is self-care that is holistic and includes the need oxygen, water, food, elimination, activity, and rest, to prevent trauma and other necessities of life. The second type is the developmental self-care requisites this is self-care that should be undertaken in accordance with human growth and development. The third type is the health deviation self-care requisites this self-care carried out because of health problem or disease prevention and health promotion (George, 2011, p. 116).Orems concept of self-care theory seems to stool a universal appeal. In a sense one can say that Orem is not just partakering to individuals who are sick. For example, new-born babies need nursing care not necessarily because they are sick but because they are unable to self-care for themselves and the parents typically might not be able to provide the quality of specialized care needed at birth nursing care is therefore needed for the first couple of days and because the parents can take over the care until the child becomes a self-caring individual. Orem defines nursing as the provision of self-care which is therapeutic in sustaining life and health, in recovering from disease or injury, or coping with their effects http//www.faculty.ucc.edu/nursing-gervase/orem.Madeleine Leininger, identical Orem, sees the importance of the element of caring in the profession of nursing. As Leininger puts it, care (caring) is essential to curing and healing, for there can be no curing without caring http//www.Madeleine-leininger.com. The term trans heathen nursing is used to refer to humanistic and scientific knowledge and practices that focus on assisting individuals, families and communities to maintain or regain health and to betray with disability, dying or other human conditions in a paganly respectful and beneficial agencyhttp//www.Madeleine-leininger.com. Leiningers theory of transethnical care theory is derived from the disciplines of (cultural) anthropology. Key concepts in this theory include cultural diversity (the differences between and among the various(a) cultures) and cultural universality (the common elements or similarities found in various cultures). While she was working as a nurse, in a child guidance home Leininger sight re on-going behavioral differences and eventually concluded that the differences had a cultural base (George, 2011, p. 405).Leiningers cultural care theory aims to provide culturally congruent nursing care through cognitively based assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling acts or decisions that are mostly tailor-made to fit with individuals, groups, or institutions cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways (Leininger, M. (1995). Transcultural nursing Concepts, theories, research and Practices. stark naked York McGraw Hill, Inc., p. 75). Leininger uses the four nursing metaparadigm differently in her theory. For example, she uses the concept to refer to families and groups or communities health is not limited to nursing. Leiningers Culture Care system views nursing as a transcultural, humanistic and scientific care discipline and profession with the central invention to serve human beings worldwide.Whereas it is important to look at a patient as a undivided person from a physiological, psychological, spiritual, and social perspective, it is also important to take a patients culture and cultural reason into consideration when deciding how to care for that patient. For example there should be no when attending to people from other minorit y cultures such as gay, lesbians, and trans-gender individuals. Nurses, when using this theory, can recognize and understand cultural similarities and differences to influence the persons health status. In essence the theory assumes that nurses who understand, value, and practice culturally workman desire nursing care are more effective and capable of achieving positive outcomes in the health care of their patients.The theory assumes that culturally nursing care will occur when the patients beliefs and value systems are carefully incorporated the patients nursing care plan. From the above outline of Madeleine Leiningers culture care theory and Dorothea Orems self-care theory one can see that both theories see (patient) care as the central focus of nursing. Both theories are very practical one can even secern them as empirical. The two theories do differ in one very important focus Leininger focuses on culture to influence health, whereas Orem focuses on the self (self-care) to ke ep the body healthy and functioning. It is evident that both theories have undergone some significant revisions over time.In this section, I will shift the focus of the discussion of where and how Leiningers cultural care theory may be best applied to nursing practice. The Transcultural theory considers the component of culture as an important factor that needs to be included when planning the care of the patient. For family assessment, the theory can serve as basis and guide in evaluating the different factors that need to be assessed in the family. In application of transcultural theory in family assessment there are three points that need to be considered.First, the nursing care should incorporate the cultural backgrounds of the family by appropriately doing culture and background interview to the family Second, the family nurse should incorporate the inquiry on health beliefs, heath patterns, and practiced superstitions and beliefs that propose import to the health condition of the family. Finally, the nurse needs to incorporate the most suited interventions that called for by the clients for care modalities and health care interventions (e.g. hospital, clinician, family, herbalist, etc.The use of transcultural theory in family assessment further enhances the nursing care being administered to the patient http//www.Madeleine-leininger.com. In terms of application, one can see certainly where exercising cultural sensitivity as advocated by the culture care theory would lead to better rendering of healthcare and faster recovery.The theory raises a number of serious questions. For example, how does one handle emergency situations? Giving the current nurse-patient ratios in hospitals and the vast array of cultures that nurses are desirely to encounter, especially in a county hospital like the one in which I work? This apart, communication and language is a hallmark of any culture does Leininger culture care theory implies that nurses should begin to attempt to render service to patients in the patients native language?These are questions that we might not have answers for at this point. Here is where philanthropic organizations like Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI) and the Joanna Briggs Institute can continue to support further research into nursing theory and health education that would help bridge the gap between nursing research and clinical practice.REFERENCESLeininger M. (1991). Culture care diversity and universality A theory of nursing. New York National League for Nursing Press. George, Julia B. (2011). Nursing theories The base of professional nursing practice 6th edition. Pearson Education, Inc. Leninger M, McFarland M. Transcultural Nursing Concepts, Theory, Research, and Practice 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Professional New York, 2002.Websiteshttp//www.Madeleine-leininger.com.http//www.faculty.ucc.edu/nursing-gervase/orem.http//www.joannabriggs.orghttp//www.nursingsociety.orghttp//www.faculty.ucc.edu/nursing-gervase/orem